（1）功能的機構 (1) functional institutions 實(shí)現一種功能的機構組合，一般有多種方案。設計時(shí)最好提現盡可能多的方案，給予考察。此外以開(kāi)發(fā)全新產(chǎn)品為目標時(shí)，不僅對平時(shí)所見(jiàn)的常規機構，而卻對其他領(lǐng)域中所使用的或歷史上被看成是過(guò)失物體中的，因其中能給予啟發(fā)的東西有很多，最好也要參照。 In general, there are various schemes to implement a functional organization. It is best to offer as many plans as possible in design. Besides, when developing new products, there are many things to be enlightened not only for the usual institutions which are usually seen, but for other areas or used as negligent objects in history. 此外，機械式機構大約到19世紀末達到成熟，現在幾乎所有使用的機構（自動(dòng)裝置）在其歷史上都能見(jiàn)到。 In addition, mechanical institutions reached maturity by the end of the nineteenth Century, and almost all of the institutions used (automatic devices) are now seen in their history. （2）力作用線(xiàn) (2) force action line 為了只觀(guān)地表示力在機械機構中怎樣傳遞下去的狀態(tài)，將力看作猶如在構件中留動(dòng)的樣子，描繪在草案圖的機械中。表示這個(gè)力“流動(dòng)”的線(xiàn)，在設計考察中起著(zhù)重要作用。例如：產(chǎn)生某種動(dòng)作的機械，如果處于靜態(tài)平衡，難么力作用線(xiàn)在整體系統中封閉。如果力線(xiàn)不封閉，或者該機械正題開(kāi)始加速運動(dòng)或者在空間分解。轉動(dòng)力矩的作用現也同樣。 In order to see how the surface force is transmitted in a mechanical mechanism, we regard force as a way of moving in a component and depict it in the machine of the draft diagram. The line that expresses this force "flow" plays an important role in the design investigation. For example, a machine that produces some kind of action is closed in the whole system if it is in a static balance. If the force line is not closed, or the mechanical problem begins to accelerate or decompose in space. The effect of the moment of rotation is the same. （3）平衡 (3) balance 僅對于由重力產(chǎn)生的力，其力線(xiàn)不封閉。這里，重力所產(chǎn)生的逆轉力矩成為額外難題。機械處于靜態(tài)時(shí)出現逆轉的部位是機械的根本缺陷之處。不要制作頭重腳輕或左右重力不能保持平衡的物體。這是應為這樣的物體受到一點(diǎn)水平向外就會(huì )翻轉的緣故。此外，把握機械的大致重量，穩心的位置也是非常重要的。特別是，如果重心水平方向位于安裝地腳之外，則會(huì )失去自身平衡，是機器出現非正常狀態(tài)，這一點(diǎn)要給以注意。 Only for the force produced by gravity, its force line is not closed. Here, the torque generated by gravity is an extra problem. The part of the machine that reverses when it is in static state is the fundamental defect of the machine. Don't make top-heavy or gravity balance objects. This is the reason for such an object to be overturned at a little level. In addition, it is very important to grasp the rough weight of the machine and the position of the stable heart. In particular, if the horizontal direction of gravity is located outside the installation ground, it will lose its balance, which is the abnormal state of the machine. （4）強度 (4) strength 力作用線(xiàn)有的分流，有的合流，對于其中最主要的力線(xiàn)，異地過(guò)要使其滿(mǎn)足：受力大的部位強度大，受力小的部位強度弟。尺寸過(guò)大則會(huì )造成浪費，并使動(dòng)作遲緩。對于其中特別重要的部位，有必要進(jìn)行強度計算。另外，力線(xiàn)封閉時(shí)，受拉力運動(dòng)遲緩。 The force action line has some shunting and some converging. For the most important force line, it should be satisfied if the main force line is out of place. Too large the size will cause waste and slow motion. For particular important parts, it is necessary to calculate the strength. In addition, when the force line is closed, the pulling force is slow.